241 research outputs found
Students' experiences of implementing clinical skills in the real world of practice
Get PDFJournal articleAims and objectives - To examine the factors that impact on students' implementation of clinical skills in the practice setting. This was a part of a larger exploration into the role of the Clinical Skills Laboratory in preparing student nurses for clinical practice.
Background - It is already known that students can experience reality shock on clinical placement and that staff support is crucial for their adaptation to the environment. This process is similar to socialisation theory whereby the newcomer adapts to the workplace.
Design - A multiple case study design (n = 5) was used.
Methods - Data were collected using semi-structured interviews (n = 43) and non-participant observation of students implementing skills in clinical practice.
Results - Findings revealed the factors that could facilitate students' implementation of clinical skills were as follows: provision of learning opportunities, staff support and supervision, and students' confidence. Factors that hindered students were reality shock, ¿the gap¿ in how skills were taught in the higher education institutions and the clinical setting, and missed learning opportunities. Support from peers in the clinical area and having previous experience of working as a health care assistant, or similar, were the factors that could either positively or negatively impact on students.
Conclusions - Students need to be adequately prepared for the real-life clinical environment. Understanding, through socialisation theory, how students adapt to the workplace can facilitate this process. Facilitating students' learning includes supporting them, developing their confidence and ensuring that they have prior exposure to undertaking clinical skills.
Relevance to practice -- Staff working with students in clinical practice can help facilitate students¿ learning and implementing of clinical skills through an understanding of how students adapt and ¿fit in¿ to their working environment.peer-reviewe
Recruiters' perspectives and experiences of trial recruitment processes:a qualitative evidence synthesis protocol
Get PDFUrinary nandrolone metabolite detection after ingestion of a nandrolone precursor
Get PDFIntroduction: Quantities of various anabolic/ androgenic steroids have been found in dietary
supplements without their presence being disclosed on the label. The aim of this study was to
quantify the excretion patterns of the diagnostic metabolites, 19-norandrosterone (19-NA) and
19-noretiocholanolone (19-NE), after ingestion of small doses of 19-nor-4-androstene-3,17-
dione (19-norandrostenedione). Methods: Eleven males and nine females entered the
laboratory in the morning following an overnight fast. An initial urine sample was collected
and volunteers then ingested 500 mL of water containing 5 g of creatine monohydrate and
either 1.0 μg, 2.5 μg or 5.0 μg of 19-norandrostendione. The volume of each urine void was
measured and an aliquot taken. Samples were analysed for the metabolites 19-NA and 19-NE
by GCMS. Results Baseline urinary 19-NA concentrations were 0.19±0.14 ng/mL. Ingestion
of the supplement resulted in peak mean urinary 19-NA concentrations of 0.68±0.36 ng/mL,
1.56±0.86 ng/mL, and 3.89±3.11 ng/mL in the 1.0μg, 2.5μg or 5.0μg trials respectively.
Under current WADA regulations, ingestion of the 1.0 μg dose produced 0 positive doping
tests, 5 subjects (20%) tested positive in the 2.5 μg trial and 15 subjects (75%) had urinary 19-
NA concentrations exceeding 2 ng/mL after ingesting creatine containing 5.0 μg of the
steroid. The recovery of the ingested dose was highly variable between individuals, with
values ranging from 11 - 84 % (mean±SD = 47 ± 18%). Conclusions: Ingestion of trace
amounts of 19-norandrostendione can result in transient elevations of urinary 19-NA and 19-
NE concentrations. The addition of as little as 2.5 μg of 19-norandrostendione to a
supplement (0.00005% contamination) appears sufficient to result in a doping violation in
some individuals
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Pubertal timing and breast density in young women: a prospective cohort study.
Get PDFBACKGROUND:Earlier age at onset of pubertal events and longer intervals between them (tempo) have been associated with increased breast cancer risk. It is unknown whether the timing and tempo of puberty are associated with adult breast density, which could mediate the increased risk. METHODS:From 1988 to 1997, girls participating in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children (DISC) were clinically assessed annually between ages 8 and 17 years for Tanner stages of breast development (thelarche) and pubic hair (pubarche), and onset of menses (menarche) was self-reported. In 2006-2008, 182 participants then aged 25-29 years had their percent dense breast volume (%DBV) measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Multivariable, linear mixed-effects regression models adjusted for reproductive factors, demographics, and body size were used to evaluate associations of age and tempo of puberty events with %DBV. RESULTS:The mean (standard deviation) and range of %DBV were 27.6 (20.5) and 0.2-86.1. Age at thelarche was negatively associated with %DBV (p trend = 0.04), while pubertal tempo between thelarche and menarche was positively associated with %DBV (p trend = 0.007). %DBV was 40% higher in women whose thelarche-to-menarche tempo was 2.9 years or longer (geometric mean (95%CI) = 21.8% (18.2-26.2%)) compared to women whose thelarche-to-menarche tempo was less than 1.6 years (geometric mean (95%CI) = 15.6% (13.9-17.5%)). CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggest that a slower pubertal tempo, i.e., greater number of months between thelarche and menarche, is associated with higher percent breast density in young women. Future research should examine whether breast density mediates the association between slower tempo and increased breast cancer risk
The Principal Pauline Epistles:A Collation of Old Latin Witnesses
Get PDFThis collation presents the evidence for the earliest Latin versions of Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians and Galatians, enabling scholars to examine the development of the biblical text at an important early stage in its history. Readership: Scholars of the New Testament text, the development of Christian theology, the history of the Latin language, translation studies. An important reference work for research institutes and academic libraries
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